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Publications

books

  1. Dourish, P. 2001. Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  2. Dourish, P. and Bell, G. 2011. Divining a Digital Future: Mess and Mythology in Ubiquitous Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  3. Dourish, P. 2017. The Stuff of Bits: An Essay on the Materialities of Information. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

conference proceedings

  1. Kutti, K., Harsten, E., Fitzpatrick, G., Dourish, P., and Schmidt, K. 2003. Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW 2003 (Helsinki, Finland). Dordrecht: Kluwer. ECSCW.
  2. Dourish, P. and Friday, A. 2006. Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing UbiComp 2006 (Orange County, CA). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4206. Berlin: Springer.

journal papers

  1. Dourish, P. 1995. Developing a Reflective Model of Collaborative Systems. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. 2(1), 40-63.
  2. Dourish, P., Adler, A., Bellotti, V. and Henderson, A. 1996. Your Place or Mine? Learning from Long-Term Use of Audio-Video Communication. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 5(1), 33-62.
  3. Dourish, P. 1998. Using Metalevel Techniques in a Flexible Toolkit for CSCW Applications. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 5(2), 109-155.
  4. Dourish, P. and Button, G. 1998. On "Technomethodology": Foundational Relationships between Ethnomethodology and System Design. Human-Computer Interaction, 13(4), 395-432.
  5. Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., LaMarca, A. and Salisbury, M. 1999. Presto: An Experimental Architecture for Fluid Interactive Document Spaces. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 6(2), 133-161.
  6. Dourish, P. and Edwards, W.K. 2000. A Tale of Two Toolkits: Relating Infrastructure and Use in Flexible CSCW Toolkits. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 9(1), 33-51.
  7. Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D. and Thornton, J. 2000. Extending Document Management Systems with User-Specific Active Properties. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 18(2), 140-170.
  8. Dourish, P. 2001. Seeking a Foundation for Context-Aware Computing. Human-Computer Interaction, 16(2-3).
  9. Dourish, P. 2003. The Appropriation of Interactive Technologies: Some Lessons from Placeless Documents. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Special Issue on Evolving Use of Groupware, 12, 465-490.
  10. Reddy, M., Pratt, W., Dourish, P., and Shabot, M. 2003. Sociotechnical Requirements Analysis for Clinical Systems. Methods of Information in Medicine, 42, 437-444.
  11. Dourish, P. 2004. What We Talk About When We Talk About Context. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 8(1), 19-30.
  12. Dourish, P., Grinter, R., Delgado de la Flor, J., and Joseph, M. 2004. Security in the Wild: User Strategies for Managing Security as an Everyday, Practical Problem. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 8(6), 391-401.
  13. DePaula, R., Ding, X., Dourish, P., Nies, K., Pillet, B., Redmiles, D.F., Ren, J., Rode, J.A., and Silva Filho, R. 2005. In the Eye of the Beholder: A Visualization-based Approach to Information System Security. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 63(1-2), 5-24.
  14. Reddy, M., Dourish, P., and Pratt, W. 2006. Temporality in Medical Work: Time also matters. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 15(1), 29-53.
  15. Dourish, P. and Anderson, K. 2006. Collective Information Practice: Exploring Privacy and Security as Social and Cultural Phenomena. Human-Computer Interaction, 21(3), 319-342.
  16. Williams, A. and Dourish, P. 2006. Reimagining the City: The Cultural Dimensions of Urban Computing. IEEE Computer, 39(9), 38-43.
  17. Bell, G. and Dourish, P. 2007. Yesterday's Tomorrows: Notes on Ubiquitous Computing's Dominant Vision. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(2), 133-143.
  18. Boehner, K., DePaula, R., Dourish, P., and Sengers, P. 2007. How Emotion is Made and Measured. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(4), 275-291.
  19. Dourish, P. and Bell, G. 2007. The Infrastructure of Experience and the Experience of Infrastructure: Meaning and Structure in Everyday Encounters with Space. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 34, 3, 414-430.
  20. Bell, G. and Dourish, P. 2007. Back to the Shed: Gendered Visions of Technology and Domesticity. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(5), 373-381.
  21. Brewer, J., Bassoli, A., Martin, K., Dourish, P., and Mainwaring, S. 2007. Underground Aesthetics: Rethinking Urban Computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 6(3), July-September, 39-45.
  22. Brewer, J. and Dourish, P. 2008. Storied Spaces: Cultural Accounts of Mobility, Technology, and Environmental Knowing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66, 12, 963-976.
  23. Dourish, P. 2010. 'Computational Thinking' and the Postcolonial in the Teaching From Country Programme. Learning Communities: The International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts, 2, 91-101.
  24. Lindtner, S. and Dourish, P. 2011. The Promise of Play: A New Approach Towards Productive Play. Games and Culture, 6(5), 453-478.
  25. Lindtner, S., Chen, J., Hayes, G. and Dourish, P. 2011. Towards a Framework of Publics: Re-encountering Media Sharing and its User. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 18(2), 23pp.
  26. Hayes, G., Lee, C., and Dourish, P. 2011. Organizational Routines, Innovation, and Flexibility: The Application of Narrative Networks to Dynamic Workflow. Intl. Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(8), 161-177.
  27. Philip, K., Irani, L., and Dourish, P. 2012. Postcolonial Computing: A Tactical Survey. Science, Technology, and Human Values. 37(1), 3-29.
  28. Brubaker, J., Hayes, G., and Dourish, P. 2013. Beyond the Grave: Facebook as a site for the expansion of death and mourning. The Information Society, 29(3), 152-163.
  29. Dourish, P. and Bell, G. 2014. "Resistance is Futile": Reading Science Fiction Alongside Ubiquitous Computing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(4), 769-778.
  30. Williams, A., Lindtner, S., Anderson, K., and Dourish, P. 2014. Multi-sited Design: An Analytic Lens for Transnational HCI. Human-Computer Interaction, 29, 78-108.
  31. Mazmanian, M., Cohn, M., and Dourish, P. 2014. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Planetary Exploration: A Sociomaterial Ethnography. MIS Quarterly, 38(3), 831-848.
  32. Chen, J., Dourish, P., Hayes, G., and Mazmanian, M. 2014. From Interaction to Performance with Public Displays. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18, 1617-1629.
  33. Dourish, P. 2014. NoSQL: The Shifting Materialities of Database Technology. Computational Culture, 4.
  34. Shklovski, I., Troshynski, E., and Dourish, P. 2015. Mobile Technologies and Spatiotemporal Configurations of Institutional Practice. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(10), 2098-2115.
  35. Baumer, E., Ames, M., Burrell, J, Brubaker, J., and Dourish, P. 2015. Why Study Technology Non-Use? First Monday, 20(11).
  36. Dourish, P. 2016. Algorithms and their Others: Algorithmic Culture in Context. Big Data and Society, 3(2).
  37. Horgan, L. and Dourish, P. 2018. Ambiguity, Ambivalence, and Activism: Data Organizing Inside the Institution. Krisis: The Journal for Contemporary Philosophy, Issue 2018/1, 16pp.
  38. Dourish, P. 2018. The Once and Future Internet: Ambiguity and Infrastructural Tragedy in the Case of IPv6. Internet Histories, 2(1-2), 55-74.
  39. Dourish, P. 2018. The Allure and the Paucity of Design: Cultures of Design and Design in Culture. Human-Computer Interaction.
  40. Dourish, P. and Gomez Cruz, E. 2018. Datafication and Data Fiction: Narrating Data and Narrating With Data. Big Data and Society, 5(2).
  41. Ames, M., Lindtner, S., Bardzell, S., Bardzell, J., Nguyen, N, Ahmed, S., Jahan, N., Jackson, S., and Dourish, P. 2018. Making or Making Do? Challenging the Mythologies of Making and Hacking. Journal of Peer Production, 12, 21pp.
  42. Yoo, C. and Dourish, P. 2021. Anshimi: Women's Perceptions of Safety Data and the Efficacy of a Safety Application in Seoul. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5 (CSCW1), April, Article No.: 147, 1–21.
  43. Singh, R., Miller, T., Lyons, H., Sonenberg, L., Velloso, E., Vetere, F., Howe, P., and Dourish, P. 2023. Directive Explanations for Actionable Explainability in Machine Learning Applications. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3579363
  44. Fedorova, M., Mazmanian, M., and Dourish, P. 2024. Coding Beauty/Decoding Ugliness: The Role of Aesthetic Concerns in Programming Practices. Science, Technology, and Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241245746
  45. Lee, S. and Dourish, P. 2024. Reconfiguring Data Relations: Institutional Dynamics around Data in Local Governance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (CSCW). https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3686959

conference papers

  1. Dourish, P. and Bly, S. 1992. Portholes: Supporting Awareness in a Distributed Work Group. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'92 (Monterey, CA), 541-547. New York: ACM.
  2. Gaver, W., Moran, T., MacLean, A., Lovstrand, L., Dourish, P., Carter, K. and Buxton, W. 1992. Realizing a Video Environment: EuroPARC's RAVE System. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'92 (Monterey, CA), 27-35. New York: ACM.
  3. Dourish, P. and Bellotti, V. 1992. Awareness and Coordination in Shared Workspaces. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW'92 (Toronto, Ontario), 107-114. New York: ACM.
  4. Dourish, P. 1993. Culture and Control in a Media Space. Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'93 (Milan, Italy). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  5. Dourish, P., Bellotti, V., Mackay, W. and Ma, C.-Y. 1993. Information and Context: Lessons from a Study of Two Shared Information Systems. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Organisational Computing Systems COOCS'93 (Milpetas, CA), 42-51. New York: ACM.
  6. Dourish, P. and Bellotti, V. 1994. Networked Multimedia Support for Informal Collaboration. Proceedings of the IEE Colloq. Integrating Telecommunications and Information Technology on the Desktop. (London, UK).
  7. Dourish, P. and Chalmers, M. 1994. Running Out of Space: Models of Information Navigation. Short paper presented at HCI'94 (Glasgow, UK).
  8. Dourish, P. 1995. Accounting for System Behaviour: Representation, Reflection and Resourceful Action. Proceedings of the Third Decennial Conference on Computers in Context CIC'95 (Aarhus, Denmark).
  9. Dourish, P. 1995. The Parting of the Ways: Divergence, Data Management and Collaborative Work. Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'95 (Stockholm, Sweden). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  10. Bentley, R. and Dourish, P. 1995. Medium versus Mechanism: Supporting Collaboration through Customisation. Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'95 (Stockholm, Sweden). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  11. Button, G. and Dourish, P. 1996. Technomethodology: Paradoxes and Possibilities. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'96 (Vancouver, BC), 19-26. New York: ACM.
  12. Dourish, P., Adler, A. and Smith, B.C. 1996. Organising User Interfaces Around Reflective Accounts. Proceedings of Reflection'96 (San Francisco, CA).
  13. Dourish, P. 1996. Consistency Guarantees: Exploiting Application Semantics for Consistency Management in a Collaboration Toolkit. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW'96 (Boston, MA), 268-277. New York: ACM.
  14. Dourish, P., Holmes, J., MacLean, A., Marqvardsen, P. and Zbyslaw, A. 1996. Freeflow: Mediating Between Representation and Action in Workflow Systems. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW'96 (Boston, MA), 190-198. New York: ACM.
  15. Harrison, S. and Dourish, P. 1996. Re-Place-ing Space: The Roles of Place and Space in Collaborative Systems. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW'96 (Boston, MA), 67-76. New York: ACM.
  16. Kaminsky, M., Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., LaMarca, A., Salisbury, M. and Smith, I. 1999. SWEETPEA: Software Tools for Programmable Embodied Agents. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'99 (Philadelphia, PA), 144-151. New York: ACM.
  17. de Lara, E., Petersen, K., Terry, D., LaMarca, A., Thornton, J., Salisbury, M., Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K. and Lamping, J. 1999. Caching Documents with Active Properties. Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems HOTOS-VII (Rio Rico, AZ). New York: IEEE.
  18. LaMarca, A., Edwards, W.K., Dourish, P., Lamping, J., Smith, I. and Thornton, J. 1999. Taking the Work out of Workflow: Mechanisms for Document-Centered Collaboration. Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'99 (Copenhagen, Denmark).
  19. Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., LaMarca, A. and Salisbury, M. 1999. Using Properties for Uniform Interaction in the Presto Document System. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology UIST'99 (Asheville, NC), 55-64. New York: ACM.
  20. Dourish, P., Lamping, J. and Rodden, T. 1999. Building Bridges: Customisation and Mutual Intelligibility in Shared Category Management. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work GROUP'99 (Phoenix, AZ), 11-20. New York: ACM.
  21. Dourish, P., Bentley, R., Jones, R. and MacLean, A. 1999. Getting Some Perspective: Using Process Descriptions to Index Document History. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work GROUP'99 (Phoenix, AZ), 375-384. New York: ACM.
  22. Dourish, P., Edwards, W.K., Jon Howell, LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., and Thornton, J. 2000. A Programming Model for Active Documents. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology UIST 2000 (San Diego, CA), 41-50. New York: ACM.
  23. Dourish, P., Swinehart, D. and Theimer, M. 2000. The Doctor is In: Helping End-Users Understand the Health of Distributed Systems. Proceedings of the 11th IFIP/IEEE Workshop on Distributed Systems Operation and Management DSOM 2000 (San Antonio, TX). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1960, Springer, 157-168.
  24. Reddy, M., Dourish, P. and Pratt, W. (2001). Coordinating Heterogeneous Work: Information and Representation in Medical Care. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW 2001 (Bonn, Germany), 239-258.
  25. Dourish, P. (2001). Process Descriptions as Organisational Accounting Devices: The Dual Use of Workflow Technologies. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work GROUP'01 (Boulder, CO), 52-60.
  26. Dourish, P. and van der Hoek, A. 2002. Emigre: Metalevel Architecture and Migratory Work. Proceedings of the European Conference on Mobile HCI (Pisa, Italy). Berlin: Springer.
  27. Dourish, P. and Redmiles, D. 2002. An Approach to Usable Security Based on Event Monitoring and Visualization. Proceedings of the New Security Paradigms Workshop 2002 (Virginia Beach, VA).
  28. Dourish, P. and Byttner, J. 2002. A Visual Virtual Machine for Java Programs: Exploration and Early Experiences. Proceedings of the ICDMS Workshop on Visual Computing (Redwood City, CA).
  29. Reddy, M., Pratt, W., Dourish, P., and Shabot, M. 2002. Asking Questions: Information Needs in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Proceedings of the American Medical Informatics Association Fall Symposium AMIA'02 (San Antonio, TX). Nov 9-13. (Diana Forsythe Award.)
  30. Reddy, M. and Dourish, P. 2002. A Finger on the Pulse: Temporal Rhythms and Information Seeking in Medical Work. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2002 (New Orleans, LA), 344-353. New York: ACM.
  31. Palen, L. and Dourish, P. 2003. Unpacking "Privacy" for a Networked World. Proceedings of the Human Computer Interaction Consortium Winter Meeting (Douglas, CO).
  32. Palen, L. and Dourish, P. 2003. Unpacking "Privacy" for a Networked World. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2003 (Fort Lauderdale, FL), 129-136. New York: ACM.
  33. Lopes, C.V., Dourish, P., Lorenz, D., and Lieberherr, K. 2003. Beyond AOP: Towards Naturalistic Programming. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications OOPSLA 2003 (Onward! Track).
  34. de Souza, C., Redmiles, D., and Dourish, P. 2003. Breaking the Code: Moving between Private and Public Work in Collaborative Software Development. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work GROUP 2003 (Sannibel Island, FL), 105-114.
  35. Fisher, D. and Dourish, P. 2004. Social and Temporal Structures in Everyday Collaboration. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2004 (Vienna, Austria), 551-558.
  36. Froehlich, J. and Dourish, P. 2004. Unifying Artifacts and Activities in a Visual Tool for Distributed Software Development Teams. Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering ICSE 2004 (Edinburgh, UK), 387-396.
  37. Barkhuus, L. and Dourish, P. 2004. Everyday Encounters with Ubiquitous Computing in a Campus Environment. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp 2004 (Nottingham, UK), 232-249.
  38. DePaula, R. and Dourish, P. 2005. Cognitive and Cultural Views of Emotions. Proceedings of the Human Computer Interaction Consortium Winter Meeting (Douglas, CO).
  39. Kabisch, E., Williams, A., and Dourish, P. 2005. Symbolic Objects in a Networked Gestural Sound Interface. Interactive Poster, ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2005 (Portland, OR).
  40. Fisher, D. and Dourish P. 2005. Structural Information From Email Networks Enhances The Collaborative Workspace. International Sunbelt Social Network Conference Sunbelt XXV (Redondo Beach, CA).
  41. Ren, J., Taylor, R., Dourish, P., and Redmiles, D. 2005. Towards An Architectural Treatment of Software Security: A Connector-Centric Approach. Workshop on Software Engineering for Secure Systems (SESS 05), held in conjunction with the 27th International Conference on Software Engineering ICSE 2005 (St. Louis, MO).
  42. DiGioia, P. and Dourish, P. 2005. Social Navigation as a Model for Usable Security. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security SOUPS 2005 (Pittsburgh, PA), 101-108.
  43. DePaula, R., Ding, X., Dourish, P., Nies, K., Pillet, B., Redmiles, D.F., Ren, J., Rode, J.A., and Silva Filho, R. 2005. Two Experiences Designing for Effective Security. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security SOUPS 2005 (Pittsburgh, PA), 25-34.
  44. Anderson, K. and Dourish, P. 2005. Situated Privacies: Do you know where you mother [trucker] is? Proc. HCI International (Las Vegas, NV).
  45. Boehner, K., DePaula, R., Dourish, P., and Sengers, P. 2005. Affect: From Information to Interaction. Proc. Critical Computing: Fourth Decennial Aarhus Conference (Aarhus, Denmark).
  46. Williams, A., Kabisch, E., and Dourish, P. 2005. From Interaction to Participation: Configuring Space through Embodied Interaction. Proc. Intl. Conf. Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp 2005 (Tokyo, Japan), 287-304.
  47. De Souza, C., Froehlich, J., and Dourish, P. 2005. Seeking the Source: Software Source Code as a Social and Technical Artifact. Proc. ACM Conf. Supporting Group Work GROUP 2005 (Sanibel Island, FL), 197-206.
  48. Dourish, P. 2006. Implications for Design. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2006 (Montreal, Canada), 541-550.
  49. Rode, J., Johansson, C., DiGioia, P., Silva Filho, R., Nies, K., Nguyen, D., Ren, J., Dourish, P., and Redmiles, D. 2006. Seeing Further: Extending Visualization as a Basis for Usable Security. Proc. Symp. on Usable Privacy and Security SOUPS 2006 (Pittsburgh, PA), 145-155.
  50. Dourish, P. 2006. Re-Space-ing Place: Place and Space Ten Years On. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2006 (Banff, Alberta), 299-308.
  51. Lee, C., Dourish, P., and Mark, G. 2006. The Human Infrastructure of Cyberinfrastructure. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2006 (Banff, Alberta), 483-492.
  52. Brewer, J., Williams, A., and Dourish, P. 2007. A Handle on What's Going On: Combining Tangible Interfaces and Ambient Displays for Collaborative Groups. Proc. Tangible and Embodied Interaction '07 (Baton Rouge, LA), 3-10.
  53. Boehner, K., Vertesi, J., Sengers, P., and Dourish, P. 2007. How HCI Interprets the Probes. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2007 (San Jose, CA), 1077-1086. (Honorable Mention in Best Paper competition.)
  54. Dourish, P., Anderson, K., and Nafus, D. 2007. Cultural Mobilities: Diversity and Agency in Urban Computing. Proc. IFIP Conf. Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT 2007 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
  55. Dourish, P. 2007. Responsibilities and Implications: Further Thoughts on Ethnography and Design. Proc. ACM Conf. Designing for the User Experience DUX 2007 (Chicago, IL).
  56. Dourish, P. 2007. Technologies of Presence and Accountability. Intl. Workshop on Social Interaction and Mundane Technologies (Melbourne, Australia).
  57. Dourish, P. 2007. Seeing Like an Interface. Proc. Australasian Computer-Human Interaction Conference OzCHI 2007 (Adelaide, Australia), 1-8.
  58. Brewer, J., Mainwaring, S., and Dourish, P. 2008. Aesthetic Journeys. Proc. ACM Conf. Designing Interactive Systems DIS 2008 (Cape Town, South Africa), 333-341.
  59. Williams, A., Dourish, P., and Anderson, K. 2008. Anchored Mobilities: Mobile Technology and Transnational Migration. Proc. ACM Conf. Designing Interactive Systems DIS 2008 (Cape Town, South Africa), 323-332.
  60. Troshynski, E., Lee, C., and Dourish, P. 2008. Accountabilities of Presence: Reframing Location-Based Systems. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2008 (Florence, Italy), 487-496.
  61. Irani, L., Hayes, G., and Dourish, P. 2008. Situated Practices of Looking: Visual Practice in an Online World. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2008 (San Diego, CA).
  62. Lindtner, S., Mainwaring, S., Dourish, P., and Wang, Y. 2009. Situating Productive Play: Online Gaming Practices and Guanxi in China. Proc. IFIP Conf. Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT 2009 (Stockholm, Sweden), Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 5736, 328-341.
  63. Shklovski, I., Vertesi, J., Troshynski, E., and Dourish, P. 2009. The Commodification of Location: Dynamics of Power in Location-Based Systems. Proc. Intl. Conf. Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp 2009 (Orlando, FL), 11-20.
  64. Satchell, C. and Dourish, P. 2009. Beyond the User: Use and Non-Use in HCI. Proc. Australasian Conf. Computer-Human Interaction OzCHI 2009 (Melbourne, Australia), 9-16.
  65. Marcu, G., Kaufman, S., Lee, J., Black, R., Dourish, P., Hayes, G., and Richardson, D. 2010. Design and Evaluation of a Computer Science Engineering Course for Middle School Girls. Proc. ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education SIGCSE 2010 (Milwaukee, WI).
  66. Irani, L., Vertesi, J., Dourish, P., Philip, K., and Grinter, R. 2010. Postcolonial Computing: A Lens on Design and Development. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2010 (Atlanta, GA), 1311-1320.
  67. Dourish, P. 2010. HCI and Environmental Sustainability: The Politics of Design and the Design of Politics. Proc. ACM Conf. Designing Interactive Systems DIS 2010 (Aarhus, Denmark), 1-10.
  68. Irani, L., Dourish, P., and Mazmanian, M. 2010. Shopping for Sharpies in Seattle: Mundane Infrastructures of Transnational Design. Proc. ACM Intl. Conf. Intercultural Collaboration ICIC 2010 (Copenhagen, Denmark), 39-48. Best paper award.
  69. Cohn, M., Sim, S., and Dourish, P. 2010. Design Methods as Discourse on Practice. Proc. ACM Conf. Supporting Group Work GROUP 2010 (Sanibel Island, FL), 45-54.
  70. Holten Møller, N. and Dourish, P. 2010. Coordination by Avoidance: Bringing Things Together and Keeping Them Apart Across Hospital Departments. Proc. ACM Conf. Supporting Group Work GROUP 2010 (Sanibel Island, FL), 65-74.
  71. Vertesi, J. and Dourish, P. 2011. The Value of Data: Considering the Context of Production in Data Economies. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2011 (Hangzou, China), 533-542.
  72. Dourish, P. and Mazmanian, M. 2011. Media as Material: Information Representations as Material Foundations for Organizational Practice. Third International Symposium on Process Organization Studies (Corfu, Greece).
  73. Lindtner, S., Anderson, K., and Dourish, P. 2012. Cultural Appropriation: Information Technologies as Sites of Transnational Imagination. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2012 (Seattle, WA), 77-86.
  74. Dourish, P. and Mainwaring, S. 2012. Ubicomp's Colonial Impulse. Proc. ACM Conf. Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp 2012 (Pittsburgh, PA), 133-142.
  75. Lindtner, S., Hertz, G., and Dourish, P. 2014. Emerging Sites of HCI Innovation: Hackerspaces, Hardware Startups and Incubators. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2014 (Toronto, Canada), 439-448. Best paper award.
  76. Nansen, B., van Ryn, L., Vetere, F., Robertson, T., Brereton, M., and Dourish, P. 2014. An Internet of Social Things. Proc. Australasian Conf. Computer-Human Interaction OzCHI 2014 (Sydney, Australia).
  77. Dourish, P. 2015. Not The Internet, but This Internet: How Othernets Illuminate our Feudal Internet. Proc. Critical Alternatives (Fifth Decennial Aarhus Conference), Aarhus, Denmark.
  78. Raval, N. and Dourish, P. 2016. Standing Out from the Crowd: Emotional Work, Body Work, and Temporal Work in Ridesharing. Proc. ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW 2016 (San Francisco, CA).
  79. Wolf, C., Ringland, K., Gao, I., and Dourish, P. 2018. Participating Through Data: Charting Relational Tensions in Multiplatform Data Flows. Proceedings of the ACM CSCW 2018, Article 184.
  80. Dourish, P., Lawrence, C., Leong, T., and Wadley, G. 2020. On Being Iterated: The Affective Demands of Design Participation. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2020 (Honolulu, HI). Best Paper Award.

book chapters

  1. Bellotti, V. and Dourish, P. 1997. Rant and RAVE: Experimental and Experiential Accounts of a Media Space. In Finn, Sellen and Wilbur (eds), Video-Mediated Communication 245-272. New Jersey: LEA.
  2. Dourish, P. 1997. Accounting for System Behaviour: Representation, Reflection and Resourceful Action. In Kyng and Mathiassen (eds), Computers and Design in Context, 145-170. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  3. Dourish, P. 1998. Software Architectures for CSCW. In Beaudouin-Lafon (ed.), Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 195-219. London: Wiley.
  4. Dourish, P. 1999. Following Where the Footprints Lead: Tracking Down New Roles for Social Navigation. In Munro, Hook, and Benyon (eds.), Social Navigation of Information Space, 15-34. London: Springer.
  5. Dourish, P., Reddy, M., and Fisher, D. 2004. Temporality and Structure in Collaborative Work. In Heilesen (ed.), Digital Presence: Knowledge and Design in New Media (Det digitale naervaer: Viden og design i nye medier). Roskilde University.
  6. Smith, I., LaMarca, A., Consolvo, S., and Dourish, P. 2005. A Social Approach to Privacy in Location-Enhanced Computing. In Robinson, Vogt, and Wagealla (eds), Privacy, Security and Trust within the Context of Pervasive Computing, (Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 780), 157-167. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  7. Reddy, M. and Dourish, P. 2007. Representation, Coordination, and Information Artifacts in Medical Work. In Ackerman, M., Erickson, T., Halverson, C., and Kellogg, W. (eds), Resources, Co-Evolution, and Artifacts: Theory in CSCW, 167-192. New York: Kluwer.
  8. Dourish, P. 2008. Play, Flex, and Slop: Sociality and Intentionality. In Erickson and McDonald (eds), HCI Remixed, 305-308. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  9. Williams, A., Robles, E., and Dourish, P. 2008. Urbane-ing the City: Examining and Refining the Assumptions Behind Urban Informatics. In Foth (ed.), Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, IGI Global
  10. Button, G. and Dourish, P. 2010. Technomethodology: Paradoxes and Possibilities. In Sharrock and Lynch (eds), Ethnomethodology. London, Sage.
  11. Satchell, C. and Dourish, P. 2011. The Moral Economy of Social Media. In Foth, Forlano, Satchell, and Gibbs (eds), From Social Butterfly to Engaged Citizen: Urban Informatics, Social Media, and Mobile Technology to Support Civic Engagement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  12. Dourish, P. and Mazmanian, M. 2013. Media as Material: Information Representations as Material Foundations for Organizational Practice. In Carlile, Nicolini, Langley, and Tsoukas (eds), How Matter Matters: Objects, Artifacts, and Materiality in Organization Studies, 92-118. Oxford University Press.
  13. Dourish, P. 2-14. Reading and Interpreting Ethnography. In Olson and Kellogg (eds), HCI Ways of Knowing. Springer.
  14. Dourish, P. 2015. Packets, Protocols, and Proximity: The Materialities of Internet Routing. In Parks and Starosielski (eds), Signal Traffic: Critical Studes of Media Infrastructures, 183-204. University of Illinois Press.

technical reports

  1. Bellotti, V., Dourish, P. and MacLean, A. 1991. From Users' Themes to Designers DReams: Developing a Design Space for Shared Interactive Technologies. Technical Report EPC-91-112, Rank Xerox EuroPARC, Cambridge, UK.
  2. Dourish, P. 1991. Godard: A Flexible Architecture for A/V Services in a Media Space. Technical Report EPC-91-134, Rank Xerox EuroPARC, Cambridge, UK.
  3. Dourish, P. 1992. Computational Reflection and CSCW Design. Technical Report EPC-92-102, Rank Xerox EuroPARC, Cambridge, UK.
  4. Dourish, P. 1993. Designing for Change: Reflective Metalevel Architectures for Deep Customisation in CSCW. Technical Report EPC-93-102, Rank Xerox EuroPARC, Cambridge, UK.
  5. Fisher, D. and Dourish, P. 2002. Populating the Social Workscape. Technical Report UCI-ISR-02-2, UCI Institute for Software Research, Irvine, Ca.
  6. Dourish, P. 2002. The Experience of Computation. Technical Report UCI-ISR-02-3, UCI Institute for Software Research, Irvine, Ca.
  7. Dourish, P., Grinter, R., Dalal, B., Delgado de la Flor, J., and Joseph, M. 2003. Security Day-to-day: User Strategies for Managaing Security as a Practical, Everyday Problem. Technical Report UCI-ISR-03-5, UCI Institute for Software Research, Irvine, Ca.
  8. Dourish, P. and Anderson, K. 2005. Privacy, Security... and Risk and Danger and Secrecy and Trust and Identity and Morality and Power: Understanding Collective Information Practices. Technical Report UCI-ISR-05-1, UCI Institute for Software Research, Irvine, Ca.
  9. Dourish, P., Anderson, K., and Nafus, D. 2007. Cultural Mobilities: Diversity and Agency in Urban Computing. Technical Report LUCI-2007-001, Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing and Interaction. Irvine, CA: University of California, Irvine.
  10. Dourish, P. 2009. Print this Paper, Kill a Tree: Environmental Sustainability as a Research Topic for HCI. LUCI-2009-004, Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing and Interaction. Irvine, CA: University of California, Irvine.
  11. Mainwaring, S. and Dourish, P. 2012. Intel Science and Technology Center (ISTC) for Social Computing: A White Paper. Intel Science and Technology Center for Social Computing, Irvine, CA.

essays & position papers

  1. Dourish, P. 1992. Applying Reflection to CSCW Design. Position paper for workshop "Reflection and Metalevel Architectures", European Conf. Object-Oriented Programming (Utrecht, Netherlands).
  2. Dourish, P. 1992. Reflective Metalevel Architectures for CSCW Design. Position paper for Developer's Workshop, ACM Conf. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (Toronto, Canada). Appears in SIGOIS Bulletin 13(3), April 1993.
  3. Dourish, P. 1994. Abstraction and Open Interfaces. Position paper for Basic Research Symposium, ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (Boston, MA).
  4. Dourish, P. 1994. Building Bridges Between Design and Use. Position paper for workshop "Research Issues in the Intersection between Software Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction", Intl. Conf. Software Engineering (Sorrento, Italy).
  5. Dourish, P., 1996. Review of "The Media Equation" (Cliff Nass and Byron Reeves, 1996). In Apple Labs Review.
  6. Dourish, P. 1996. Different Strokes for Different Folks: Privacy Norms in Three Media Spaces. CSCCW'96 Workshop on Community and Collaboration (published in ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin, 18(1)).
  7. Dourish, P. 1997. Extending Awareness Beyond Synchronous Collaboration. CHI'97 Workshop on Awareness in Collaboration Systems (Atlanta, Georgia, May).
  8. Dourish, P. 1997. Rethinking Software Representations. Workshop on Representations in Interactive System Design (London, July).
  9. Dourish, P. 1998. The State of Play. Introduction for the special issue of the journal Computer-Supported Cooperative Work on "Interaction and Collaboration in MUDs", 7(1-2).
  10. Dourish, P. 1999. Evolution in the Adoption and Use of Collaborative Technologies. Position paper for the ECSCW'99 Workshop on Evolving Use of Groupware.
  11. Dourish, P. 2000. A Foundational Framework for Situated Computing. Position paper for the CHI 2000 Workshop on Situated Computing: A Research Agenda.
  12. Dourish, P. 2000. Towards an Infrastructure for Pervasive Recommendations. Position paper for the CHI 2000 Workshop on Social Navigation: A Design Approach.
  13. Dourish, P. 2000. Technical and Social Aspects of Categorisation Schemes. Position paper for the CSCW 2000 Workshop on Classification Schemes in Cooperative Work.
  14. Dieberger, A., Dourish, P., Hook, K., and Wexelbat, A. 2000. Social Navigation: A technique for building more usable systems. interactions 7, 6, 36-45.
  15. Dourish, P. 2001. Crafting a Technical Response to the Interplay of Structure and Practice. Workshop on Structure and Process (ECSCW 2003, Bonn, Germany.)
  16. Moran, T. and Dourish, P. 2001. Introduction to the special issue on Context-Aware Computing. Human-Computer Interaction, 16(2-3).
  17. Dourish, P., Delgado de la Flor, J., and Joseph, M. 2003. Security as a Practical Problem: Some Preliminary Observations of Everyday Mental Models. Workshop on HCI and Security Systems (CHI 2003, Ft Lauderdale, L.)
  18. van der Hoek, A., Redmiles, D., Dourish, P., Sarma, A., Filho, R.S., and de Souza, C. 2004. Continuous Coordination: A New Paradigm for Collaborative Software Engineering Tools. Workshop on Directions in Software Engineering Environments (Edinburgh, Scotland), 29-36.
  19. Smith, I., LaMarca, A., Consolvo, S., and Dourish, P. 2004. A Social Approach to Privacy in Location-Enhanced Computing. Workshop on Security and Privacy in Pervasive Computing (Pervasive 2004, Linz, Austria.)
  20. Bell, G. and Dourish, P. 2004. Getting Out of the City: Meaning and Structure in Everyday Encounters with Space. Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing on the Urban Frontier (Ubicomp 2004, Nottingham, UK.)
  21. de Souza, C., Dourish, P., Redmiles, D., Quirk, S., and Trainer, E. 2004. From Technical Dependencies to Social Dependencies. Workshop on Social Networks (CSCW 2004, Chicago, IL).
  22. Dourish, P., Brewer, J., and Bell, G. 2005. Information as a Cultural Category. interactions, 14(4), 31-33.
  23. Dourish, P. 2005. Review of "Social Thinking -- Software Practice" (Dittrich, Floyd, and Klischewski, eds.). Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 14(1), 87-90.
  24. Brewer, J., Williams, A., and Dourish, P. 2005. Nimio: An Ambient Awareness Device. Demonstration at European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW 2005 (Paris, France).
  25. Dourish, P., DePaula, R., and Lee, C. 2005. Activities and Two Forms of Social Legibility. ECSCW 2005 Workshop on Activity-Based Computing (Paris, France).
  26. Dourish, P. 2005. Review of "The Locales Framework: Understanding and Designing for Wicket Problems" (Geraldine Fitzpatrick). Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 14(3), 283-285.
  27. Dourish, P. and Bell, G. 2006. Is the Digital Home a Dangerous Home? Ambidextrous, Summer, 37-39.
  28. Lee, C., Dourish, P., and Mark. G. 2006. The First Usability Challenge for Cyberinfrastructure. ACM CSCW Workshop on Cyberinfrastructure (Montreal, Quebec).
  29. Brewer, J. and Dourish, P. 2007. Imaging and Imagining the City. ACM CHI 2007 Workshop on Imaging the City (San Jose, CA).
  30. Dourish, P. 2008. The Secret Life of Secrets. Ambidextrous, 8 (Winter), 36-38.
  31. Dourish, P., Hayes, G., Irani, I., Lindtner, S., Nardi, B., Patterson, D., and Tomlinson, B. 2008. Informatics at UC Irvine. Research Landscapes, CHI 2008.
  32. Irani, L. and Dourish, P. 2008. Portability of Design Research Methods: Cultural Differences in the Creation of Technological Knowledge. CHI 2008 Workshop on Used Centered Design for Development (Florence, Italy).
  33. Dourish, P. 2008. Points of Persuasion: Strategic Essentialism and Environmental Sustainability. Pervasive 2008 Workshop on Pervasive Persuasive Technology and Environmental Sustainability (Sydney, Australia).
  34. Foth, M., Paulos, E., Satchell, C., and Dourish, P. 2009. Pervasive Computing and Envrionmental Sustainability: Two Workshops. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 8(1), 78-81.
  35. Irani, L. and Dourish, P. 2009. Postcolonial Interculturality. Paper presented at International Workshop on Intercultural Collaboration (Stanford, CA).
  36. Lindtner, S. and Dourish, P. 2009. Digital Entertainment Culture in China OR The Heritages of The Californian Ideology. INTERACT 2009 Workshop on Culture and Technologies for Social Interaction.
  37. Dourish, P. 2010. Audiences, Publics, and Digital Media. CHI 2010 Workshop on Critical Dialogue: Interaction, Experience, and Cultural Theory (Atlanta, GA).
  38. Lindtner, S., Anderson, K., and Dourish, P. 2011. Multi-sited Design: An Approach Towards Addressing Design-Use Relations in Transnational Processes. CHI 2011 Workshop on Transnational HCI (Vancouver, BC).
  39. Dourish, P. 2013. Epilogue: Where the Action Was, Wasn't, Should Have Been, and Might Yet Be. ACM Trans. Human-Computer Interaction, 20(1).
  40. Dourish, P. 2014. The City and the Feudal Internet: Examining Institutional Materialities. Proc. Workshop on Code and the City (Maynooth, Ireland), September.
  41. Ames, M., Lo, K., and Dourish, P. 2015. The Gendered Mythologies of Computing Culture. CSCW 2015 Workshop on Feminist Approaches to CSCW (Vancouver, BC).
  42. Dourish, P. 2015. Two Readings of Cargo Cult Theorizing. CHI 2015 Workshop on Knowledge Production in Interaction Design (Seoul, South Korea).
  43. Sengers, P. and Dourish, P. 2015. Critical Technical Practice as Interdiscipline. Aarhus 2015 Workshop on Shifting Borderlands of Technoscience: Tracing Trajectories of Critical Praxis (Aarhus, Denmark).
  44. Dourish, P. and Hwang, S. 2016. Interaction under the Influence: Wine, Interaction Design, and the Politics of Impermanent Impairment. OzCHI 2016 Workshop on Wine and Interaction Design (Launceston, Tasmania.)

editorial activities

  1. Dourish, P. (guest editor). 1998. Special Issue of Computer Supported Cooperative Work: Collaboration in MUDs and MOOs, 7(1-2).
  2. Benford, S., Rodden, T. and Dourish, P. (guest editors). 2001. Special Issue of ACM Trans. Computer-Human Interaction: Collaborative Virtual Environments. 7(4).
  3. Moran, T. and Dourish, P. (guest editors). 2001. Special Issue of Human Computer Interaction: Context-Aware Computing. 16(2-3).
  4. Riedl, J. and Dourish, P. (guest editors). 2005. Special Issue of ACM Trans. Computer-Human Interaction: Recommender Systems. 12(3).
  5. Baumer, E., Burrell, J., Ames, M., Brubaker, J., and Dourish, P. 2015. On the Importance and Implications of Studying Technology Non-Use. Interactions, 22(2), 52-56.

unpublished papers & work-in-progress

Please note. These papers are drafts. As such, they are subject to change, withdrawal, or revision at any time.

  1. Dourish, P. 1999. Embodied Interaction: Exploring the Foundations of a new Approach to HCI.
  2. Fisher, D. and Dourish, P. (2001). Email Filtering as an Infrastructure Service.
  3. de Souza, C., Silva Filho, R., and Dourish, P. (2001). A Multi-Dimensional Scheduler Supporting Critics.
  4. Liu, S., Grinter, R., and Dourish, P. 2003. Informality and IM-formality: Contexts of Computer-Mediated Communication.
  5. Baird, C. and Dourish, P. 2003. Metaphors and Mechanisms: Towards a Cognitive Semantics of Computation.
  6. Brewer, J. and Dourish, P. 2005. The Culture of Information: Ubiquitous Computing and Representations of Reality.
  7. Dourish, P. 2012. Designing for Zombies. Unpublished but undead.

patents

  1. Thornton, J., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D. US6240429: Using attached properties to provide document services. Issued May 29, 2001.
  2. Dourish, P, Edwards, K., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., Thornton, J. US6253217: Active properties for dynamic document management system configuration. Issued June 26, 2001.
  3. LaMarca, A., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., Thornton, J. US6266670: User-level accessing of low-level computer system operations. Issued July 24, 2001.
  4. LaMarca, A., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., Salisbury, M. US6266682: Tagging related files in a document management system. Issued July 24, 2001.
  5. Terry, D., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., LaMarca, A., Lamping, K., Petersen, K., Salisbury, J., Thornton, J. US6269380: Property-based mechanism for flexibility supporting front-end and back-end components having different communication protocols. Issued July 31, 2001.
  6. Petersen, Dourish, Edwards, LaMarca, Lamping, Salisbury, Terry, Thornton. US6308179: User-level controlled mechanism interpositioned in a read/write path of a property-based document management system. Issued Oct 23, 2001.
  7. Lamping, J., Dourish, P, Edwards, K., LaMarca, A., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., Thornton, J. US6324551: Self-contained document management based on document properties. Issued Nov 27, 2001.
  8. Salisbury, M., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., LaMarca, A. US6330573: Maintaining document identity across hierarchy and non-hierarchy filesystems. Issued Dec 11, 2001.
  9. Edwards, K., Dourish, P., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., Thornton, J. US6370553: Atomic and Molecular Documents. Issued Apr 9, 2002.
  10. Salisbury, M., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Terry, D., and Thornton, J. US6397231: Virtual documents generated via combined documents or portions of documents retrieved from data repositories. Issued May 28, 2002.
  11. Holmes, J., MacLean, A., Zbyslaw, A., and Dourish, P. US6421700: Method and system for work process support using independent system and user states. Issued July 16, 2002.
  12. Dourish, P., Lamping, J., and Rodden, T. US6430575: Collaborative document management system with customizable filing structures that are mutually intelligible. Issued Aug 8, 2002.
  13. Jones, R., Dourish, P., MacLean, A., and Bentley, R. US6493731: Document management system for recording and viewing the history of document use. Issued Dec 10, 2002.
  14. MacLean, A., Dourish, P., Bentley, R., and Jones, R. US6505219: Process management system wherein process descriptions provide indices to document histories. Issued Jan 7, 2003.
  15. Theimer, M., Spiteri, M., Swinehart, D., and Dourish, P. US6557111: Multicast-enhanced update propagation in a weakly-consistent, replicated data storage system. Issued Apr 29, 2003.
  16. Edwards, K., Dourish, P., LaMarca, A., Lamping, J., Petersen, K., Salisbury, M., Terry, D., and Thornton, J. US6562076: Extending application behaviour through active properties attached to a document in a document management system. Issued May 13, 2003.
  17. LaMarca, A., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., and Salisbury, M. US6582474: Tagging Related Files in a Document Management System. Issued Jun 24, 2003.
  18. Dourish, P. US6950982: Active Annotation Mechanism for Document Management Systems. Issued Sept 27, 2005.
  19. LaMarca, A., Dourish, P., Edwards, K., and Salisbury, M. US7086000: Tagging Related Files in a Document Management System. Issued August 6, 2006.